Urine analysis is a critical screening test in clinical laboratories

It is impossible to overstate the significance of microscopic examination in the field of urine analysis. Even though this is a straightforward method of obtaining useful information, it is also time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it requires the use of experienced personnel in order to ensure that the results and interpretations are as accurate as possible. There have been a number of automated urine analyzers developed and put into service in order to assist medical laboratories with the analysis of urine samples. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the performance of three automated urine analyzers, which were at the time of its inception the Cobas 6500, the UN3000-111b, and the iRICELL 3000. The Cobas 6500, the UN3000-111b, and the iRICELL 3000 were the three most commonly used automated urine analyzers on the market at the time of its inception.

Among other things, urine analysis is a critical screening test in clinical laboratories, and it is used to diagnose and plan treatment for a variety of conditions, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney disease (KD), and diabetes, to name a few. Besides visual examination, it is necessary to evaluate the chemical parameters of the urine sample and to examine it under a microscope for microscopic examination of the urine sample. It is necessary to carry out an initial visual examination and a dipstick test during this step. This step involves performing a microscopic examination of the urine specimen sediment to determine whether there is evidence of erythrocyturia, leukocyturia, bacterial or proteinuric infection. Even though manual microscopic techniques are standardized, the traditional microscopic examination of urinary sediment is labor-intensive and time-consuming, in addition to being imprecise and inaccurate, as well as being subject to significant interobserver variability, among other factors. The development of fully integrated and completely automated urine analyzers that integrate and perform all of the  components is being undertaken by a large number of vendors in order to be used in clinical laboratories. As a general rule, there are two primary types of analyzers, each of which is built on a distinct technological platform from the other. Using a video camera to capture and sort particles according to preset particle dimensions, the first type of microscopic urine sediment analysis is performed on a urine sample; the second type is based on the principle of flow cytometry and is performed on a urine sample.

The introduction of an entirely new generation of more sophisticated automated urinalysis machines into the marketplace in recent years has marked a significant advancement. When fully automated microscopic and strip analyzer systems are combined, it is possible to create fully automated workstations for various applications. A flow cytometry system (the UN 3000-111b from Sysmex Corporation in Kobe, Japan), an image-based analysis system (the iRICELL 3000 from Iris Diagnostics in Chatsworth, USA), and a Cobas 6500 from Roche in Mannheim, Germany were used as a result of this. The researchers set out to compare the overall performance and effectiveness of these three automated urine analyzers, each of which used a different technology in conjunction with manual microscopy, as well as the performance of their chemical and microscopic examination components, in order to determine which was the most effective and efficient. To assist us in making a decision on which machine to purchase for our laboratory, we felt it was necessary to conduct the investigation.

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(Section 2.1) Experiments performed on urine samples

Random selection was used to select and include 100 freshly collected urine specimens from admitted in- and out-patients who were submitted to the Microscopy Laboratory of the Department of Pathology at the Prince of Songkla University School of Medicine in Thailand for routine diagnostic . With the help of a single microscope slide, three experienced medical technologists collected the samples in preservative-free containers and transferred them to four different test tubes for three different automated urine analyzers, all without the use of centrifugation or manual microscopy. Once samples were received at the laboratory, they were all analyzed within 2 hours of being received at the laboratory.

In this study, which was carried out at the university's Faculty of Medicine, an institutional ethics committee (REC.62-470-5-7) gave its approval, and the results were published. An example of a REC.62-470-5-7 is a REC.62-470-5-7.

Fully automated urine analyzers are those that operate entirely on autopilot.

2.2.1 This is a The Cobas 6500 (also known as the Cobas 6500) is a computer system manufactured by Cobas that can be found in many offices.

It combines the advantages of two analyzers into a single unit. You can use the Cobas u601, which analyzes both physical and chemical components, and the Cobas u701, which examines microscopic components, both of which are included with the Cobas 6500. When it comes to physical and chemical components, the Cobas u601 is used for analysis, while the Cobas u701 is used for microscopic examinations of the same components. Reflectance photometry or refractometry is used to determine the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes present, the amount of nitrite and protein present, the amount of glucose and ketones present, the amount of urobilinogen present, and the amount of cholesterol present. pH, color, and turbidity are some of the other parameters that can be measured. Refractometry is used to determine the specific gravity of a substance. Specifically, a urine specimen is pipetted into a special cuvette, and the machine centrifuges the cuvette at 2000 rpm for 10 seconds to extract the information from the specimen. Photographs of the specimens are taken with a microscopic camera, which takes 15 real images of each centrifuged specimen. These images are then subjected to particle recognition software, which looks for the presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes, squamous epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells, bacteria, pathological casts, crystals, yeasts, mucus, and sperm, to name a few different types of substance.

Sysmex UN3000-111b (Sysmex UN3000-111b) Sysmex UN3000-111b (Sysmex UN3000-111b)Sysmex UN3000-111b (Sysmex UN3000-111b) Sysmex UN3000-111b (Sysmex UN3000-111b)

It is possible to integrate both the chemical component (UC-3500 analyzer) and the fluorescence flow cytometry component (UF-5000 analyzer) into a single platform. Under a microscope, the chemical component (UC-3500 analyzer) analyzes both the physical and chemical components of urine, whereas the fluorescence flow cytometry component (UF-5000 analyzer) examines sediments. It is possible to determine the concentrations of leukocytes, erythrocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen and bilirubin in a sample using the reflectance photometry technique employed by the UC-3500 analyzer as well as the pH, color, and turbidity of the sample using this technique. It can also be used to determine the pH, color, and turbidity of a sample, among other things. This technique can be used to determine the specific gravity of a sample, as well as the specific gravity of other samples and their other properties. The UF-5000 analyzer is capable of performing forward scatter and fluorescence detection, as well as adaptive cluster analysis and adaptive clustering. The UN3000-111b also includes the UD-10, which is a urine particle digital imaging device that captures images of urine and categorizes the particles into 8 sizes classes based on their size, among other features. The UD-10 also provides the user with a detailed view of urine particles. After the particle analysis has been completed, the UD-10 device confirms that the results are abnormal, indicating that the procedure was successful.

iRICELL 3000 (iRICELL 3000) is an abbreviation for iRICELL 3000, which is an acronym.2.2.3. a formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized formalized

The iRICELL 3000 is made up of two components: a chemical analyzer (the iChemVELOCITY) and a microscopic examination component (the iQ200). These two components work together to provide a comprehensive solution for the analysis of biological specimens. To identify, classify, and quantify the cells and particles present in uncentrifuged urine, the Iris iQ200 analyzes it using Digital Flow Morphology technology in conjunction with Auto-Particle Recognition (APR) software. The results are displayed on a computer screen. APR software is used to identify and count the hundreds of images captured by the flow cell's digital camera after a urine specimen is image captured in a planar plane by hydrodynamic focusing sheath fluid, according to the researchers. Each particle is then automatically classified by size, shape, contrast, and texture. The results are divided into 12 particle categories: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), WBC clumps, hyaline casts, pathological casts (or unclassified casts), squamous epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells, bacteria, yeasts, crystals, mucus, and sperm. The results are divided into 12 particle categories: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (There are 12 different types of blood cells identified in the results: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and WBC clumps are all types of blood cells identified.